European Inventory of National Qualifications Frameworks 2022 – Luxembourg

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This report is part of the European inventory of National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs). Since 2009, Cedefop has carried out a systematic mapping and analysis of NQF developments in countries participating in the European qualifications framework (EQF) process. These reviews, done in close cooperation with the EQF Advisory Group, the European Commission and ETF, have directly supported the development of operational and sustainable NQFs. The report offers a detailed description of the structure and scope of the Luxembourg NQF, its objectives, functions and institutional arrangements, as well as data on the framework’s implementation and impact to broader policy areas.

The Luxembourg NQF (Cadre Luxembourgeois de qualifications, CLQ) was referenced to the EQF and the qualifications framework for the European higher education area (QF-EHEA) in June 2012. It is structured in eight levels and includes all types of formal education and training. The CLQ uses knowledge, skills, and general competence as level descriptors, and it is in the activation stage.

In 2020, public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was the same as the EU average (5%). The country has a high rate of participation in early childhood education and care, whereas the percentage of learners leaving education and training is below EU average (9.3% in 2021 compared to the EU average of 9.7%). Upper secondary VET is a popular choice as 61.6% of learners at this level attend such programmes. Tertiary education attainment is among the highest in the EU (62.2% in 2021 compared to the EU average of 41.2%). In 2021, participation in adult learning was significantly higher than the EU average (17.9% and 10.8% respectively) (European Commission. DG Education Youth Sport and Culture, 2022).

As a response to the EQF recommendation, the work on NQF started in 2009. It was based on an initial government go-ahead and continued in the following years. The formal adoption of the CLQ as a lifelong learning tool is still under discussion at political level and by different stakeholders. The CLQ is legally embedded in the Regulation of 17 February 2017 on the recognition of professional qualifications.